Syringes are an important medical tool, because they deliver medications to the blood stream quicker and more directly than most other methods. While syringes have contributed the health and well being of those needing medication for 150 years, they present risks because they are sharp and designed to penetrate the skin. They also present the risk of contamination and the transfer of disease.
History
The hypodermic syringe was invented in 1845 in Ireland by Dr. Francis Rynd. Dr. Rynd designed the syringe to deliver a sedative to those with neuralgia. Since then, the syringe has been redesigned many times. The inexpensive disposable syringe was invented in 1956.
Significance
Puncture injuries caused by syringes are especially troubling for health-care workers, who can be exposed to viruses such as hepatitis and HIV. A 2002 World Health Report showed that 2.5 percent of HIV cases and 40 percent of hepatitis B and C cases among health-care workers were caused by occupational exposure. Syringe safety is also a concern for diabetics and others who use syringes regularly at home. Without proper care the needles can become contaminated. If they are not disposed of properly, the needles can pose a health risk for others in the family.
Risks
For medical professionals, injuries can occur during the use, disassembly and disposal of syringes. The Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety reports that syringe injuries occur most often when a syringe is withdrawn from a patient, when a patient accidentally bumps into the syringe during treatment or when a needle is pulled out of the rubber stopper or vacuum tube. These injuries tend to happen when a worker is attempting to multitask while disassembling or disposing of needles.
Prevention/Solution
To avoid contamination of a reusable syringe, keep the needle clean and capped when it is not in use.
To clean a syringe, draw and release clean water into the needle several times. Then draw bleach into the needle, shake it for several seconds and release the bleach. Fill with water several more times to finish cleaning.
Do not let the needle touch anything but your skin and the top of the insulin bottle. Do not share your syringe with anyone else. Dispose of the syringe when the needle becomes dull or bent or if it comes into contact with something other than your skin. If you can, use a needle removal tool that will safely clip, catch and contain the needle. If you cannot destroy the needle, recap it and place it in a heavy container. Various regions have different procedures for handling medical waste, so contact your local waste authority for rules.
Innovations
Manufacturers of syringes have developed technologies to help prevent syringe injury. These include syringes with retractable needles, detachable needles and shields and guards to protect the administrator.
