Itching all over, medically known as pruritus, is a very uncomfortable symptom indicative of anything from a mild allergic reaction to complete organ failure. Pruritus can also be induced by certain medications, in which case cessation would relieve the symptom. The degree of pruritus accompanied with a past medical history may determine the root cause, however, some general diagnosis play a role in itching.
Chemical Exposure
Exposure to chemicals, whether intentional as in medications or unintentional as in fiberglass, may cause generalized itching. This would include use of a new perfume, ingested medication, body lotion or soap. Elimination by trial and error may help reduce the itching; remove any new or foreign products from the skin and monitor the degree of pruritus.
Eczema
Disorders of the skin, such as eczema, are responsible for causing generalized itching and discomfort. Eczema is usually diagnosed by visual inspection of the skin compounded by obtaining a family history, as it has a genetic component. With eczema, a flattened red rash usually occurs prior to the pruritus. Occurring primarily at areas of skin folding, this rash is followed by scaly lesions that can ooze or bleed with scratching.
Parasites
Human and animal parasites are frequent sources for itching. Scabies are microscopic human mites that elicit first localized, then generalized itching, which become worse during sleep. Scabies are highly contagious and can be transferred with minimal contact. In the early stages, scabies will leave no visible traces of infestation on the skin. Conversely, the bed bug bite will cause an itching but will leave traces of red lesions, usually on the legs and feet. Flea bites can leave telltale red marks and are accompanied by generalized itching while they attack.
Organ Dysfunction
Insult to the kidneys, liver or hematologic system can induce pruritus. Kidney failure allows the toxins to compile in the bloodstream that release uremic acids into the skin and induce itching. Certain liver diseases, such as hepatitis, have itching as a primary symptom. Hematologic, or blood derived, disorders such as anemia can cause a chronic itching all over the body if left untreated.
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