Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychological disorder that results in inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness symptoms in adult patients. Medication is often prescribed to adult ADHD patients to help control their symptoms. Of the three types of medication used in adult ADHD---stimulants, non-stimulants and antidepressants---stimulants are the most prescribed ADHD medications.
Stimulants
While stimulant medications stimulate the central nervous system, it actually has a calming effect on the patient. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, "methylphenidate drugs (Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta, Daytrana) are the most commonly used psychostimulants for treating ADHD in both children and adults." Ritalin is a recognizable brand of ADHD stimulant medication. These stimulant medications work by increasing levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter of which ADHD patients have a deficit. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, all of the stimulant medications are taken orally except for Daytrana; Daytrana is the first skin patch approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD. In addition, these medications are available in two forms: short-term and long-term doses. Patients who choose short-term doses need to take multiple pills throughout the day, while the long-term dose only needs to be taken once a day.
Non-Stimulants
Another option for adult ADHD patients is non-stimulant medications. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, atomoxetine, a type of non-stimulant medication, was the first medication approved for the treatment of adult ADHD patients. Non-stimulant medications work by increasing levels of both norepinephrine and dopamine.
Antidepressants
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, antidepressants are not approved by the FDA for the treatment of ADHD in adults; however, it is often prescribed off-label. In addition, the University of Maryland Medical Center points out that antidepressants work just as well as behavioral therapy in adult ADHD patients, so therapy may be tried before medication is prescribed. Bupropion, also known as Wellbutrin, and tricyclics are given to ADHD patients. They increase the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the patient's system.
