Bilirubin is a natural byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells. It is usually processed by the liver and excreted along with the rest of the body's waste. It is normal to find bilirubin in the blood, but elevated levels can be a sign of liver dysfunction. In some cases, levels are high enough to cause jaundice, which is a condition that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. Elevated bilirubin levels are fairly common in newborn infants; however, they sometimes occur in older children or adults as well. Treatment varies, depending on the cause.
History
Taking a person's medical history can help pinpoint the cause of elevated bilirubin, making it easier to treat. For example, an adult with a known history of alcohol abuse would require a different treatment for elevated bilirubin than a newborn infant. Several medical conditions are also known to increase bilirubin levels. If a person has a history of Gilbert's Syndrome, for example, then they may not need treatment for their elevated bilirubin levels. But a person whose high blood level is caused by a blocked bile duct may require medical intervention.
Significance of Treatment
Treatment for some causes of elevated bilirubin levels is not always necessary. According to the Mayo Clinic, Gilbert's Syndrome is a fairly common liver disorder that causes fluctuating levels of bilirubin in the blood. It is not life-threatening and often has no other major complications. Therefore, no treatment is necessary. Additionally, the Merck Manual of Medical Information reports that for many conditions that affect the liver, bilirubin levels often stabilize once the liver recovers function.
Types of Treatments in Adults
When elevated levels of bilirubin in adults indicate a serious problem affecting the liver or blood, surgical intervention may be necessary. According to Merck, a gall stone or a tumor can block the bile duct, requiring an endoscopy or surgical removal. Other conditions that cause complications may be treated with medications.
Types of Treatments in Babies
With elevated levels of bilirubin in newborns, things are different. For some newborns, jaundice can become so severe that it could potentially cause brain damage. Medline Plus reports that this is rare; however, infants in this condition may require a blood transfusion or IV treatment. Fortunately, most cases of infant jaundice resolve over time. Medline Plus reports that if hydration and frequent feedings are not enough to reduce bilirubin levels, phototherapy may be required. In phototherapy, infants are placed under special lights that help break down excess bilirubin.
Considerations
Though most cases of jaundice caused by elevated bilirubin levels don't require treatment, the Mayo Clinic reports that a few lifestyle changes can help keep bilirubin levels in check for those at risk. These include eating regular meals, adding more fruits and vegetables to the diet and managing stress. Additionally, the Mayo Clinic advises people with chronic jaundice to discuss their condition with every doctor they see, as some specialty medications can increase the risk of a jaundice flareup.
