Zetia, or the generic product ezetimibe, is a prescription drug used alone or in combination with other medications to lower cholesterol levels. The medication prevents the absorption of cholesterol from the intestines. It also prevents cholesterol produced in the body from being reabsorbed from the bile. Although the medication is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience adverse side effects.
Headache
Headache is a common side effect that may occur with Zetia. About 8 percent of individuals experience this side effect. Headaches may be bothersome, but they decrease with time as body adjusts to the drug. Acetaminophen or aspirin may alleviate headaches. However, if headaches do not go away or worsen, the patient should inform a health-care professional.
Diarrhea
Zetia may cause diarrhea in about 4 percent of individuals, according to the "Drug Information Handbook." The patient may use an over-the-counter medication for diarrhea as long as he consults a pharmacist or physician before using any drug. The patient should eat light meals and consume an adequate amount of water. If diarrhea worsens or continues for more than three days, the patient must seek medical attention.
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Users of Zetia may develop an upper respiratory tract infection, which is an infection that may occur in the throat, nose or sinuses. The signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection include runny nose, cough, sore throat, headache and fever. If a patient notices these signs and symptoms, he should contact a physician right away. A physician can determine if the patient needs medical treatment.
Increased Liver Enzymes
Zetia may lead to liver impairment that is reversible once the medication is stopped. Liver function is tested by measuring the levels of the liver enzymes, called transaminases. "Basic and Clinical Pharmacology" says that liver function tests should be done before the medication is initiated and every two to four months after that. If the liver enzymes are three times above the normal level, the medication must be discontinued. Patients with mild liver impairment should use the drug with caution. Those with moderate or severe liver impairment should not use the medication.
Pain
Joint pain and pain in the extremities may occur in users of Zetia. Up to 3 percent of patients may experience these adverse reactions, according to the "Drug Information Handbook." The patient should inform the physician of these side effects to ensure that it is not a serious condition.
References
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2009
- "Basic and Clinical Pharmacology"; Bertram G. Katzung; 2007
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