The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck that regulates the body's metabolism, temperature and heart rate through the excretion of triiodothyronine and thyroxine. An overproduction of these hormones can lead to a condition known as hyperthyroidism, which can cause fatigue, irregular menstrual periods in women and a visibly enlarged thyroid, called a goiter. Thyroid deficiency, or hypothyroidism, slows the metabolism dramatically, causing weight gain, depression and weakness.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A has a complex relationship with the thyroid. In cases of hypothyroidism, the body cannot metabolize beta-carotene into vitamin A, which causes it to accumulate in the body. Conversely, if the body lacks the necessary amounts of vitamin A, the anterior pituitary gland cannot produce Thyroid-stimulating Hormone, or TSH, which begins the production of thyroid hormones.
A study published in "The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism" found that vitamin A supplementation reduced goiters and improved thyroid function.
B Vitamins
A shortage of the B vitamins will prevent not only the thyroid but also the testes, ovaries and adrenals glands from maintaining normal function. Riboflavin, niacin and pyridoxine all play key roles in thyroid support. Brewer's yeast is a natural source of B vitamins.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C must be ingested through diet or supplementation because the human body cannot manufacture it. A vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, causes the blood vessels in the thyroid to bleed. Insufficient vitamin C over long periods of time leads to hyperthyroidism. Citrus fruits, berries and raw vegetables are rich in vitamin C; consult your doctor regarding dosage.
Vitamin E
A study published in "The Journal of Physiology" tested the effects of vitamin E deficiencies on the thyroids of rats. The thyroid gland cells multiplied rapidly and hormone levels dropped. Leafy green vegetables and egg yolks are high in vitamin E.
Sea Kelp
Sea kelp, along with other seafood, is high in iodine. Iodine is a key component in the body's creation of both thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiencies can cause hypothyroidism and goiters.
