Eustachian tube is a narrow tube that connects the middle part of the ear to the back of the nose and opens with each swallow or yawn to balance the pressure in the middle ear. It also drains the mucus produced by the middle ear lining. Infections of the Eustachian tube can lead to the isolation of the the middle ear from the outside environment and are more common in children younger than 6. Prompt treatment is recommended because severe untreated cases can lead to hearing loss.
Antibiotics
Eustachian tube infections can be caused by viruses or bacteria. Antibiotics can effectively treat infections caused by bacteria but are of no use in case of viral infection. Hence, most physicians prescribe antibiotics only when the patient does not improve or if the individual's condition is worsening. Since it is often difficult to isolate the microorganism that is responsible for Eustachian tube infections, broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against a variety of bacteria are recommended. According to the Merck Manual's Online Medical Library, amoxicillin with or without clavulanate and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are the most common antibiotics used to treat such infections. The antibiotics are usually prescribed for seven to 10 days and are administered orally, unless the condition of the patient is severe. The antibiotics can be given intravenously in such cases.
Amoxicillin belongs to penicillin family of antibiotics, and patients who are allergic to penicillin should not take this drug. Side effects of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are mild and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and headache.
Pain Relievers
Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen and aspirin, can be used to relieve the ear pain associated with Eustachian tube infections. These drugs can also help control fever that may accompany such infections. Many of these medications are available over the counter and can be taken when required. In severe cases, the drugs can be administered intravenously for quicker response. MayoClinic.com, however, recommends against the use of aspirin in children younger than 18 years of age because it is associated with a serious condition known as Reye's syndrome, which is characterized by the swelling of the liver and brain.
Decongestants
Most ear infections, especially in children, occur as complication of nasal congestion that may be the consequence of common cold or allergies. Decongestants are medications that can relieve nasal congestion. They include drugs such as pseudoephedrine, which is available in the form of tablets and sprays. The dosage should be followed according to the package, and although the drug is available over the counter, it is best to talk to a physician if the child is very young. According to PubMed Health, common side effects include nausea, vomiting, restlessness and headache.
Surgery
Adenoids are lymph tissues that are close to the Eustachian tubes, and their enlargement can lead to blockage of the tubes and recurring infections. Medline Plus recommends removal of adenoids in such cases to treat the infections.
