Testosterone is a hormone produced in the testes of men and maintains bone density, muscle strength, sexual drive and sperm production. A low testosterone level in the body is also know as hypogonadism and may be treated with testosterone replacement therapy.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of low testosterone include weakness, loss of muscle strength, depressed mood, erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. According to MayoClinic.com, the patient may also notice changes in sleep, increased body fat and tender breasts. A blood test may determine the level of testosterone in the body. A level below the normal range for testosterone, which is between 300 and 1100 ng/dL, requires a testosterone replacement regimen.
Administration
Testosterone is available as an injection, patch and gel. The injection form is given intramuscularly into the upper buttock. The testosterone patch should be applied on a clean, dry skin on the arm, back or upper buttocks. The gel formulation is placed on the skin of the shoulder and upper arms. The "Drug Information Handbook" warns that the gel should not be applied to the genitals. The patient should follow directions given by a physician.
Side Effects
Testosterone medications may cause local site reactions, which includes pain redness, and burning. The transdermal patch may cause blisters or hives. "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach" explains that testosterone may cause sodium retention, which may lead to weight gain, high blood pressure, water retention and heart failure.
References
- Mayo Clinc: Testosterone therapy: Key to male vitality?
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2009
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Josep T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al.; 2008
