Acid reflux causes stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus and throat. Many people suffer from heartburn, the burning and painful sensation in the chest and throat, as a result of acid reflux. Other symptoms occur as well. The fast reaction from acid reflux can cause some people to feel as if they cannot breathe, especially when episodes awaken them from sleep.
Function
A muscle in the esophagus acts like a valve when food or beverages enter the stomach. The muscle opens as liquids or solids come in and closes to prevent backup of stomach contents. When the esophageal muscle does not shut tightly, acid reflux results.
Types
Acid reflux may occur after eating and lying down or bending over. Many people occasionally experience heartburn or other symptoms, such as a bitter taste in the back of the mouth or throat. People who suffer from acid reflux regularly may have gastroesophageal reflux disease, according to the University of Michigan Health System. A hiatal hernia, in which part of the stomach pushes into the chest, also increases episodes of acid reflux.
Effects
Aside from chest and throat discomfort, the juice that moves into the throat can cause hoarseness, coughing and shortness of breath, according to Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology. The frequent regurgitation can irritate the lining of the esophagus, larynx and throat. Acid reflux can cause nose and throat problems, persistent throat clearing, heavy mucus in the throat, swallowing difficulty and laryngitis, InteliHealth says.
Considerations
The temporary, scary feeling of not breathing may stem from a psychological response, but acid reflux also has physical results from backed-up material in the throat. The shortness of breath and other symptoms usually disappear in moments. Many people who suffer from frequent bouts of acid reflux keep antacids on hand or next to the bed in case of sudden occurrences. Over-the-counter or prescription medication reduces stomach-acid production to keep symptoms under control for long periods.
Prevention/Solution
Lifestyle changes can reduce or prevent symptoms of acid reflux. Eating smaller meals and losing weight can help. Certain foods increase the risk of acid reflux for many people. They may include fatty or fried foods, spicy foods, fast foods, citrus fruits and juices, coffee, caffeinated beverages, chocolate, peppermint and spearmint. Chewing gum and hard candy cause excess air to be swallowed, leading to acid reflux. Smoking relaxes the esophageal muscle to cause acid reflux. People who suffer acid reflux during the night can raise the head of the bed 6 to 8 inches to keep the upper part of the body elevated while they sleep, avoiding acid backup.
