Selenium is a mineral that you body requires small amounts of to function properly. One of its most vital roles is protecting against damage to the body's cells, MedlinePlus reports. You get selenium from the foods you eat. Because your body needs only a small amount, selenium deficiencies are rare in the U.S. However, a low selenium intake may contribute to certain health conditions. Taking a supplement may also be beneficial for some people. Always speak with your doctor before taking a selenium supplement so you understand potential risks and benefits.
Cancer Prevention
Because selenium aids in the production of antioxidant enzymes that can prevent damage to cells, scientists believe it may have a role in preventing certain types of cancer. In particular, lung, esophageal, colorectal, prostate and gastrointestinal cancers may be linked to low selenium levels, MedlinePlus reports. However, no studies have conclusively proven that taking selenium supplements or increasing dietary intake is effective in treating or preventing cancer.
Selenium supplements are sometimes recommended for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, because concerns that the antioxidant activity of selenium may interfere with the medical therapy, you should never taken selenium supplements without first speaking with your oncologist, MedlinePlus advises.
Preventing Heart Disease
Low selenium levels may also contribute to a person's risk for heart disease. While early research suggests heart disease and related death are more likely in people with selenium levels lower than 45 mcg per liter, no studies have demonstrated a strong effect in higher selenium levels protecting against cardiovascular disease, according to the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University.
Boosting Immune System
A deficiency of selenium can impair the immune system. Because of this, selenium has been touted as a way to improve immune function, particularly among people who are seriously or critically ill. Studies, though, have not yet proven that selenium supplements can decrease the risk of death in people who are critically ill, MedlinePlus reports.
Arthritis
Another condition that could be affected by low selenium levels is arthritis, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. A healthy level of selenium in the body may help relieve the pain and inflammation arthritis causes because of its antioxidant activity against free radicals, which can damage cells, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements. However, more research is needed to determine to what extent selenium may benefit arthritis sufferers.
Treating Keshan Disease
Keshan disease is a heart condition related to a selenium deficiency. These patients develop cardiomyopathy because of the deficiency. However, in the remote regions of China were Keshan disease is prevalent, taking a selenium supplement may help reduce the risk of developing the condition, MedlinePlus reports.
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