Hemorrhoids result from the increase in pressure on the veins of the anus, making them appear large and swollen. This condition is painful especially when sitting down, and may occasionally cause anal bleeding, making treatment necessary. Hemorrhoidectomy is the procedure of surgically removing hemorrhoids. Patients should be aware of the potential complications that can arise from hemorrhoid treatment.
Urinary Retention
Urinary retention is a common complication after hemorrhoid treatment surgery, notes the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. During hemorrhoid removal, patients are sedated using a local or general anesthesia, which impairs the urinary nerve function and causes urinary retention. The rough handling of tissues near the urinary tract also contributes to this condition.
Constipation
Constipation is a possible complication of hemorrhoid treatment, states MedlinePlus. The anesthesia used in the surgery also has a relaxing effect on the gastrointestinal tract, causing constipation and fecal impaction. Patients are encouraged to increase oral fluid intake and include high-fiber food items in the diet. Stool softeners and laxatives are given if constipation persists.
Bleeding
Hemorrhage and blood loss is one of the complications of hemorrhoid treatment and removal, notes MedlinePlus. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most highly vascularized organ systems in the body, and any injury or damage could potentially cause bleeding. If the mass removed during hemorrhoid treatment and removal is not sutured properly, this can lead to bleeding. Improper suturing can also cause wound dehiscence, or splitting open, which leads to blood loss. In cases of severe bleeding, a blood transfusion as well as surgical repair of the bleeding area may be necessary.
Anal Itching
Anal itching, or pruritis, is one of the possible complications of hemorrhoid removal treatment, per MedlinePlus. Anal itching is caused by the anal skin irritation brought about by the surgery. Hypersensitivity to the dressing and packs used to cover the surgical incision also contributes to this condition. Itching is only temporary and subsides after a few days.
Infection
Infection is a possible complication of any surgery, but most especially hemorrhoidectomy. Opportunistic bacteria and microorganisms found on feces and the environment may invade and thrive on the healing lesion. The presence of infection is usually characterized by redness, swelling and pain in the affected area. Antibiotics may be given to manage infection.
