Ascorbic acid---commonly known as vitamin C---is a nutrient needed for collagen production, wound healing and immune function. It occurs naturally in plant-based foods like citrus fruits and plays an important role in iron absorption. Vitamin C tablets serve as concentrated sources of ascorbic acid that can be taken to supplement the diet. Understanding the risks and benefits of vitamin C tablets allows users to avoid harmful effects like overdose while maximizing effectiveness.
Dosing Information
Unlike fat soluble vitamins, excess amounts of vitamin C are easily excreted in the urine. Daily needs vary based on a number of factors, including a person's age, weight, gender and health status.
According to Medline Plus, the recommended daily dosage of vitamin C is 45 milligrams (mg) per day for kids ages 9 to 13; 65 to 75 mg for adolescents and 75 to 90 mg for adults.
Side Effects
Because it is not stored in body fat like many other vitamins, vitamin C overdose is very rare. Still, some people may be more sensitive to the effects of high doses of vitamin C. Signs of excessive intake may include diarrhea, burning urination, gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn. Side effects are more likely to occur when taking tablets or other supplemental forms of the vitamin due to their highly-concentrated nature.
Risks and Complications
While actual overdose is unlikely, vitamin C tablets can still cause problems when taken in excess. According to the Annals of Internal Medicine, ascorbic acid increases absorption of iron, which can cause toxicity in people with iron absorption disorders like hemochromatosis and thalassemia.
Megadoses of vitamin C have also been linked with the formation of oxalate kidney stones, though more research in this area is needed. Gastrointestinal irritation is another possible complication, especially in people with ulcers or other digestive conditions who take the supplement in high doses.
Prevention/Solution
The best prevention against vitamin C overdose and related problems is responsible use of tablets and other supplements. Using vitamin C tablets to supplement a healthy diet instead of relying on them as a sole source of the nutrient is recommended.
To reduce the risk of side effects, follow dosing directions on the label and talk to a doctor before adding a nutritional supplement to your daily regimen. Choosing buffered forms of ascorbic acid may help reduce gastrointestinal symptoms like heartburn and diarrhea in some people.
Considerations
Vitamin C tablets are unlikely to cause overdose or other serious problems when used as directed. Buying quality supplements that bear the U.S. Pharmacopoeia seal can help reduce the risk of contamination and other purity issues.
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