Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks skin cells. This causes the skin cells to divide very rapidly, leading to buildup of these cells on the skin's surface, causing itchy silvery scales to appear, as well as red patches of skin. In some cases psoriasis can affect the scalp, where it can be remedied with a variety of treatments, including special shampoos, ointments, oral medications and light therapy.
Shampoo
Scalp psoriasis can be treated with special shampoos. These shampoos, which are available over the counter, may contain such compounds as tar, salicylic acid, pyrithione zinc, ketoconazole, and selenium sulfide. Although these chemicals won't cure psoriasis, they can help prevent flare ups and relieve the symptoms. One difficulty, however, of using these shampoos is that they must get scalp exposure and may need to be left on the scalp for several minutes, which can extend showering times.
Topical Treatments
In addition to special medicated shampoos, there are a variety of topical ointments and creams that can be applied to the scalp to treat scalp psoriasis. These treatments include tar and corticosteroids (such as cortisone) which work to suppress the immune system's response around the scalp. These treatments also include vitamin D derivatives (known as retinoids) which also provide symptomatic relief. These treatments are available both over the counter and by prescription.
Phototherapy
Phototherapy (or light therapy) can be used to treat scalp psoriasis if topical treatment is ineffective. Psoriasis can often be treated by exposing the affected areas to special wavelengths of light. This light can come from lasers or from other devices. The excimer laser delivers high intensity light to specific areas of the skin and spares unaffected areas of the body.
Immunosupressants
Severe cases of scalp psoriasis can be treated with oral medications that suppress the immune system. These medications, which are available only with a prescription, prevent the immune reaction that leads to psoriasis. These medications include methotrexate, corticosteroids and cyclosporine.
Other Systemic Treatments
Certain medications, such as alefacept, etanercept, infliximab, and efalizumab also can be used to treat scalp psoriasis. Oral intake of retinoids (which are made from vitamin A and D) can also be effective. These retinoids are different in structure than standard vitamin supplements and can only be obtained with a prescription.
