Milk thistle is a herb native to the Mediterranean region and contains a biologically-active ingredient known as silymarin. It sometimes called holy thistle or Mary thistle. Silymarin is found in the seeds of the milk thistle plant. It is this part of the plant that is used to make tinctures, capsules and powders. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, milk thistle is generally safe, though some people may experience a stomach upset after taking it. People with a history of hormone-related cancers should not use milk thistle. Pregnant and breast-feeding women should also avoid this herb. Milk thistle may have a number of health benefits, though not all of the purported benefits have been scientifically proven.
Anti-Cancer Properties
Milk thistle may play a role in cancer treatment, notes the National Cancer Institute. Laboratory studies have evaluated the effects of silymarin and one of its components, known as silybin, on cancer cells. According to the National Cancer Institute, silybin may have anti-cancer effects on prostate, breast and cervical cancer cells. It may also slow the growth of prostate cancer cells and help certain anti-cancer drugs to work better. However, the National Cancer Institute notes that studies of the effects of milk thistle on cancer are limited, therefore it should not be recommended as a cancer treatment.
Anti-Oxidant Effects
According to the National Cancer Institute, milk thistle has anti-oxidant properties. Silymarin, found in milk thistle seeds, is a bioflavinoid that works as an anti-oxidant by strengthening cell walls to stop toxins entering the cell. The National Cancer Institute notes that it may also block the effects of free radicals and make toxins in the body less harmful.
Liver Protection
According to the National Center for Alternative and Complementary Medicine, milk thistle has been used medicinally for thousands of years, particularly as a liver disease treatment and for gallbladder disorders. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that milk thistle may also protect the liver from toxins and medications such as acetaminophen. It may also help to repair liver damage. Although scientific evidence is somewhat lacking, some studies suggest that milk thistle can help to improve liver function in people affected by viral hepatitis. Some studies have shown that milk thistle can increase survival in patients with conditions such as cirrhosis; however, these studies are inconclusive.
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