HDL and LDL refer to high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, respectively. They are the two primary types of cholesterol produced by our bodies and contained in many of the foods we eat. HDL and LDL have different chemical and physical properties that affect the way they interact with internal body structures and mechanisms. Maintaining healthy levels of HDL and LDL cholesterol lowers your risks for serious health complications, such as heart disease and stroke.
Total Cholesterol Levels
Physicians use blood tests to monitor cholesterol levels. A specialized lipid panel reports the amount of total cholesterol, including HDL and LDL, in your bloodstream. As reported by the American Heart Association, your total cholesterol should be less than 200 milligrams per deciliter. Between 200 and 239 mg/dL presents a borderline risk, and a count of 240 mg/dL and above represents a very high risk for potential health problems.
HDL Levels
HDL, commonly known as "good" cholesterol, aids in protecting the heart against disease, according to the American Heart Association. A level of 60 mg/dL and higher is the target number for optimal protection. HDL levels less than 40 mg/dL for men and 50 mg/dL for women significantly increases their risk for heart disease.
LDL Levels
LDL, referred to as "bad" cholesterol, is the primary contributor to the adverse health effects associated with high cholesterol. For both men and women, LDL levels of 100 mg/dL decrease heart disease risk. A level of 100 to 129 mg/dL is near optimal, 130 to 159 is considered borderline high, 160 to 189 mg/dL denotes a high risk and 190 mg/dL and above confers a very high risk. MayoClinic.com reports that people with a previous high risk for heart disease due to other risk factors, such as family history or smoking, should maintain LDL levels below 100 mg/dL, and those with a very high previous risk should aim for 70 mg/dL and below.
Managing HDL and LDL
Regaining control of your HDL and LDL levels to reduce health risks may include a combination of lifestyle changes and medication, if deemed appropriate by your physician. Modifying your diet to include more soluble fiber, omega-3 fatty acids and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat decreases LDL levels and can even raise HDL levels. Increased physical activity also lowers LDL, and MayoClinic.com asserts that losing just 5 to 10 lbs. makes a significant difference in cholesterol levels.
