Joint disease is medically termed arthritis. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, there are over 100 types of arthritis that cause joint pain, stiffness, swelling and decreased range of motion. The most common forms of arthritis include osteoarthritis, which is associated with the aging process, and rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease. Both disease processes are characterized by the degradation of cartilage that protects the ends of bones from friction during movement.
Arthritis Types
In addition to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, arthritic joint diseases also include Still's disease, gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, scleroderma, Lyme disease, lupus and tuberculosis arthritis, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Causes
Arthritis occurs in response to the degradation of cartilage. Cartilage is a smooth, shock absorbing tissue situated at the end of bones that protects the bone surface from wear and tear from movement. Without cartilage, bones rub against each other causing swelling, pain and stiffness. The destruction of cartilage is caused by the normal aging process, infection or an autoimmune disorder, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of arthritis include joint swelling, decreased range of motion, stiffness and pain. With rheumatoid arthritis the joint may become deformed, causing the fingers to angle toward one side or the knuckles to enlarge, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
Exams and Tests
A physician will inspect the joints for swelling and tenderness upon touch. Infectious arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis may give the skin around the joints a reddish appearance. Blood tests are administered to check for an autoimmune condition, and x-rays are ordered to assess the damage to the joints affected, notes Cedars-Sinai.
Treatment
According to Cedars-Sinai, there is no cure for arthritis. However, medications can be used to relieve pain and swelling or reduce the autoimmune response, exercise can increase flexibility and strength of the joints to relieve pain and stiffness, rest can provide time for recovery, heat and cold therapy can increase blood flow and surgery can repair or replace damaged joints. Maintaining appropriate weight and eating well can also reduce symptoms.
