Testosterone, an androgen hormone that promotes sexual development and functioning, is present in both males and females at different levels throughout the lifespan. If testosterone levels are within normal limits, boys go through puberty and into adulthood with good sexual functioning and normal fertility. Low testosterone levels, however, create undesirable changes in multiple body systems. Testosterone cypionate injections can correct some of these problems, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Features
Testosterone cypionate is a clear, oil-based solution that comes in glass vials for intramuscular injection only, according to Daily Med. A health care provider will determine the desired dose based on the person's age, underlying condition, response to the injections and any side effects that occur.
How It Works
Men produce testosterone in their adrenal glands and testicles, under the regulation of the pituitary gland. Some males are born with disorders that alter the function of these organs, while others develop medical conditions that interfere with normal testosterone production. Testosterone cypionate injections don't correct the underlying disorder, but they do boost blood levels of the hormone, according to Daily Med.
Desired Effects
Testosterone deficiency can cause erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, depressed mood and problems with memory and concentration. Low testosterone levels can lead to decreased muscle mass, hair loss, anemia and bone thinning, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The Mayo Clinic says testosterone cypionate can help reverse these effects in men with low testosterone, "but it's unclear whether testosterone therapy would have any benefit for older men who are otherwise healthy." The National Institute on Aging says testosterone supplements "may help a man with exceptionally low testosterone levels maintain strong muscle and bones and increase sex drive."
Adverse Effects
Testosterone cypionate can cause significant adverse effects, including breast development, excessively prolonged and frequent erections, hair loss or excess hair, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances, according to Daily Med. It could also damage the liver and could cause liver cancer.
Expert Insight
After comparing the desired and the adverse effects of testosterone therapy, the National Institute on Aging has concluded, "Except for a relatively few younger and older men with extreme deficiencies, testosterone treatment is not deemed appropriate for most men at this time."
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