Nematodes, or roundworms,are a type of parasite capable of infecting humans, says the University of Maryland Medical Center, UMMC. Roundworm infections are more common in warm, tropical climates where the eggs are not prone to freezing in the soil. Several different species of roundworm are known to cause infection in humans, but the most common infection is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides.
Ingestion of Eggs
Most nematodes live in the intestines of the host animal or person. As a result, defecation releases roundworm eggs into the environment. Eggs can then be transferred from the soil to a new host. Practicing diligent personal hygiene and hand-washing can reduce the risk of infection, says the Centers for Disease Control. UMMC adds that it is important to thoroughly wash fruits and vegetables before consuming them to prevent infection.
From an Infected Pet
Kittens and puppies often become infected with roundworms by nursing from an infected mother, explains the Centers for Disease Control. The eggs then mature in the animal's intestines, producing eggs that are passed with stool. Children sometimes become infected by playing in or eating dirt that has been contaminated. Several measures can be taken to reduce the risk of infection, including regular cleaning of the pet's living area, proper removal of animal stools, and teaching children not to eat off of the ground. Hand-washing is also important.
Through the Skin
Some roundworms are transmitted through the skin, explains UMMC. These species of roundworm are able to enter the body through contact with contaminated surfaces, drinking contaminated water and via bug bites. Mosquitoes and other flies have been known to carry larvae for parasitic roundworms, especially in warm and tropical climates. Preventative measures include use of mosquito netting and insect repellent, avoiding unfiltered water and keeping skin clean.
