Adeno is a common virus that causes infections at several sites in the body. This virus is transmitted by droplets, and is highly contagious. It incubates for about a week before it starts manifesting symptoms. Fever is a common symptom. Most adenoviral infections are benign and resolve without complications. Treatment for infections caused by adenovirus is supportive care, with control of fever and hydration.
Respiratory Symptoms
Adenovirus affects the upper respiratory tract, causing sore throat, swelling of the tonsils and ear infections. The virus can also cause croup, an illness characterized by a barking cough; bronchiolitis, which is an inflammation of the airways; and pneumonia.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Adenoviral infection can cause gastroenteritis, with vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, for example, a decrease in the blood sodium content.
Eye Symptoms
One of the most common manifestations of adenoviral infection is conjunctivitis, or pinkeye. The conjunctiva of the eye becomes red and injected. Occasionally, this leads to acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. In this condition, the eyes turn blood-red.
Rare Symptoms
In patients with deficiencies in their immune system, adenovirus can cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis, in which the virus spreads throughout the body, threatening to shut down the function of various organs; and meningitis and encephalitis, inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the brain and of the brain itself, respectively. Adenovirus can also cause an inflammation of the bladder, leading to blood in the urine, called hemorrhagic cystitis.
References
- Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases; 2009
- Stanford University: The Adenovirus Family
