Demerol is a well-known opioid analgesic that is used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is classified as a controlled substance in the U.S. since it is a narcotic with addictive properties. Because it is not to be used for extended periods of time, this narcotic frequently is used before surgeries as well as during labor and deliveries. It works by binding to opiate receptors in the brain to produce an experience of reduced pain. Demerol can potentially produce common side effects.
Sedation and Dizziness
A consequence of taking this central nervous system depressant is that a patient may experience a sedative effect, that is, atypical drowsiness, fatigue or weakness. Such effects may occur after taking a dose of this medication, which likely will result in decreased alertness and lethargy. In addition to drowsiness, according to eMedTV, dizziness or feeling lightheaded may occur throughout the day. Consequently, the combined effects of drowsiness and dizziness may increase the potential for accidental injury; therefore, complex tasks should not be attempted until the extent of individual effects from this drug is known.
Headache and Hypotension
With Demerol being a central nervous system depressant, a depressing or lowered effect can affect several body systems. For example, this medication can produce neurological and cardiovascular side effects such as headaches and low blood pressure. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration states that heart rates changes may occur that include a lowered heart rate as well as heart palpitations. Caution should be used with sudden movement, such as standing up quickly from a seated position, for the low blood pressure may cause dizziness and unsteadiness when standing or walking.
Gastrointestinal Disturbance
Drugs.com states that several gastric side effects are associated with this medication. Specifically, stomach upset may occur in the form of nausea, which may present with or without vomiting. This may be accompanied by an excessive dry mouth and a temporary loss of appetite. Taking this medication with milk may help to reduce the experience of nausea. Another side effect frequently associated with opioid narcotics is constipation. This difficulty in having bowel movements is temporary and should subside when the medication is discontinued, since Demerol usually is prescribed for a short period of time.
Genitourinary Changes
The treatment of Demerol for pain can result in transient urinary and sexual changes. Specifically, Drugs.com states that urinary retention and a loss of interest in sex also are associated with taking this drug. Again, these are considered temporary after-effects that should disappear when the medication is discontinued.
