Cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that divide to form lumps or tumors, according to the American Cancer Society. Malignant tumors can interfere with the nervous, digestive and circulatory systems. Most people are familiar with breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and other types that affect certain tissues and organs. In people with certain risk factors, cancer can strike on the tongue. It's important to notice the signs and symptoms of this type of cancer to get an early diagnosis and treatment.
Definition
According to MayoClinic.com, mouth cancer can occur on the tongue, lips, gums and the floor and roof of the mouth. Squamous cell carcinoma is a common type of tongue cancer. There are other varieties that exist, but they are rare. Typically, tongue cancer presents as a tumor and displays other symptoms and signs that can help identify it.
Signs and Symptoms
Cancer Centers of America reports that several symptoms could be a signal of tongue cancer. These may include a white or red patch that forms on the tongue or other areas such as the mouth or gums. Additional symptoms may include pain when swallowing, chewing or a persistent sore throat. Depending on disease progression, tongue cancer can cause ear pain, voice changes bleeding and numbness in the mouth.
Risk Factors
Certain risk factors increase a person's chances of developing tongue cancer. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, these factors include using tobacco, drinking alcohol and persistent viral infections. Age is another risk factor, according to MayoClinic.com, as tongue cancer is diagnosed typically in people over 40 years of age. Additional risk factors include Human papillomavirus virus, poor oral hygiene and chronic irritation within the mouth.
Diagnosis
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that people experiencing symptoms and signs of throat cancer should see their doctors. Upon physical examination of the mouth, the doctor will collect a tissue sample to test for cancer cells. In addition, he may order other tests such as a computer axial tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, X-rays or a positron-emission tomography scan.
Treatment
Tongue cancer treatment depends on the cancer's stage, according to MayoClinic.com. When tongue cancer is diagnosed early, the chance for a cure is better and treatment is less invasive. Recognize the signs and symptoms of throat cancer and consult a physician for a correct diagnosis. Typically, early stage cancer is treated with radiation or surgery. If the cancer has progressed, a combination of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy may be necessary.
