Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2. Symptoms appear for some, but many people are asymptomatic carriers of the disease. If symptoms do appear, they generally arise a few weeks after exposure to the virus, starting with generalized pain and itching of the genital area. Several days later, ulcers and blisters form on the genitalia. After an initial outbreak, recurrent outbreaks may appear periodically throughout life. There is no cure for genital herpes, and treatments are geared toward lessening the severity of outbreaks and preventing the spread of the disease. Healthcare providers may recommend that medications be taken only during outbreaks, or they may be used as suppressive therapy to prevent outbreaks from occurring. It is important to take herpes medications only as directed by a physician.
Famciclovir
Famciclovir is an antiviral medication known by the brand name of Famvir. Famciclovir is dispensed as a tablet that should be taken twice a day starting within six hours of signs of an outbreak. It can be taken twice daily as suppressive therapy for up to one year to prevent outbreaks from recurring. Side effects include headache, fatigue, rash and abdominal discomfort.
Acyclovir
Acyclovir, known by the brand name Zovirax, is a synthetic nucleoside analogue type of antiviral drug. This means that it stops the spread of herpes in the body. Acyclovir can be purchased in tablet, capsule and liquid forms. The medication should be taken as soon as symptoms appear, two to five times per day for five to 10 days. It can also be taken for up to one year to prevent herpes outbreaks. For preventive therapy, individuals should take acyclovir two to five times around the same time each day. Acyclovir has many possible side effects, including hives, abdominal discomfort, weakness or seizures.
Valacyclovir
Valacyclovir, known by the brand name Valtrex, should be taken twice a day for five days to treat genital herpes symptoms. While it will not cure herpes, it will encourage healing of ulcers and decrease pain and itching. PubMed Health states that it should be taken twice per day for five days to treat hsv-2. Side effects include headache, itching, rash or fever.
