Acute sports injuries are different than chronic injuries, in that they occur suddenly, usually during a game or practice. Chronic injuries are the result of repetitive stress or improper mechanics, and occur over a period of time. Symptoms of an acute injury include pain, swelling and instability, which can all be related to a sports specific episode or incident. Acute injuries include fractures, ligament and muscular injuries and contusions.
Knee Injuries
According to a 2007 study conducted by a team of researchers led by Daniel Tik-Pui Fong at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, knee injuries top the list of the most common acute sports injury. The study examined 70 sports in 38 countries and found that knee injuries are prevalent in sports such as football, downhill skiing, lacrosse and cycling. A common acute knee injury is an anterior cruciate ligament tear, which may make your knee feel like it is loose or unstable. MayoClinic.com states that the ACL is especially susceptible to the demands of sports such as volleyball, football, basketball and soccer. In addition, this particular injury may require surgery and will most likely involve an intense rehabilitation program. Other common knee injuries include damage to the meniscus, as well as the medial and lateral knee ligaments.
Ankle Injuries
The Hong Kong based study found that ankle injuries were the second most injured body site after the knee, with the most common ankle injury being a sprain. Court games and team sports such as rugby, soccer, volleyball and basketball showed a high incidence of ankle injuries. Ankle sprains also topped the list for gymnasts and mountain climbers. A sprain or tear to the ligament that supports the ankle joint occurs when the foot turns, twists or rolls beyond the normal range of motion, and may be accompanied by a loud pop. Pain, swelling and instability may immediately occur. Ankle sprains are classified by grade, with Grade 3 being the most severe and indicative of a complete tear or rupture of the ligament. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, surgery is usually not required, even with a Grade 3 sprain, but casting may be recommended for two to three weeks.
Contusions
When it comes to acute sports injuries, contusions are second only to strains as a leading cause of injury, according to the AAOS. Contusions, the medical term for a bruise, occur when a direct or repeated blow strikes part of the body. Swelling and bleeding may occur under the skin, and in more severe cases, may cause shock. In any case, you should consult a physician immediately for a complete diagnosis after incurring a contusion type of injury. The RICE formula is the general protocol for treating contusions, which is rest, ice, compression and elevation. The AAOS states that most contusions are minor and heal quickly, but in severe cases, the athlete may be required to lay off sports for several months in order to properly heal.
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