Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that most commonly strikes older people. While there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, there are medications that can help to slow down the progression of the disease, sparing cognitive function and brain damage. The earlier Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed, the earlier treatment can begin---and the more brain can be saved.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Donepezil, sold under the brand name Aricept, is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Other types include Razadyne (galantamine) and Exelon (rivastigmine) are other commonly prescribed cholinesterase inhibitors. Aricept is the most frequently prescribed form of cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. The brain naturally produces a chemical called acetylcholine, which helps improve cognitive function and memory. Cholinesterase inhibitors work to boost acetylcholine production or make nerves in the brain more receptive to its effects.
These medications tend to become less effective the longer they are used, and are most effective at slowing the progression of early and moderate Alzheimer's disease. They are less effective against severe Alzheimer's disease, but may help to manage some of the behaviors of the condition.
Memantine
Memantine, sold under the brand name Namenda, is the only FDA-approved drug for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. Memantine works differently than cholinesterase inhibitors, affecting the chemical glutamate. Glutamate affects cognitive function, particularly memory and the ability to learn. Memantine is often most effective when prescribed along with a cholinesterase inhibitor.
Other Treatments
Other medications may be prescribed instead of or in addition to these Alzheimer's medications. To provide better control over some of the common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease---like agitation, aggression and confusion---other medications may be necessary. These may include anti-anxiety drugs, hypnotics, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and antidepressants.
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