CT scans are a radiographic test used to identify heart disease, blood clots, broken bones and cancers quickly and painlessly. Also known as computed tomography, the CT scanner takes pictures in slices, providing a transaxial view of all soft tissues and organs. An iodine contrast agent, or contrast media, is frequently used to increase visualization of the desired tissues. Although many brands of iodinated contrast are available, three main types of iodine contrast are administered routinely.
Intravenous
Intravenous iodine contrast is employed when the ordering physician needs to see specific blood vessels or highly vascular organs. The liver, brain, spinal cord, heart and kidneys might require use of intravenous contrast for better visualization. According to MayoClinic.com, some people may experience a metallic taste in their mouths immediately following an iodine contrast injection.
Oral
Several iodine suspensions are suggested for enteral use to view the esophagus, stomach or small intestine. Commonly used in the United States, gastrografin is chemically altered for palatability, according to Drugs.com. Gastrografin is a yellowish liquid that contains a lemon-like flavor. Some people complain of difficulty ingesting gastrografin due to its bitter taste. Gastrografin can be used in conjunction with intravenous iodine to highlight all abdominal structures.
Rectal
Orally ingested iodine will eventually travel to the colon; however, some of the iodine element may break down, resulting in a poor picture. For radiographic CT images of the colon and lower intestine, an iodine agent must be administered rectally via an enema. Using a regular enema bag, a nurse or technician inserts the ordered amount of iodine contrast into the colon through the anus. A feeling of fullness or diarrhea can result from rectally administered iodine contrast.
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