Most women will experience abnormal bleeding at some point in their reproductive years. Often times, this bleeding is of no significance and will usually go away after a few days. However, in some cases abnormal bleeding may signify a medical condition or emergency. Any bleeding outside of menstruation is considered abnormal.
Considerations
Abnormal bleeding patterns normally happen when a girl first begins her menstrual cycle---menarche. It also occurs right before menopause, perimenopause, which begins when estrogen begins to decline. The normal menstrual cycle consists of three to seven days of bleeding every 25 to 36 days, according to Merck Manuals. Women who are experiencing bleeding after menstruation should confirm that the bleeding is vaginal by inserting a tampon. This will rule out the chance that the bleeding could be rectal or coming from urine.
Causes
One of the leading causes of bleeding outside of a normal menstrual cycle is hormonal imbalances. When the female hormones estrogen or progesterone are too high or too low, a woman may experience breakthrough bleeding or spotting after the menstrual bleeding is over. This bleeding can occur at any point in the cycle and is usually lighter than a menstrual period. This imbalance can be the result of medication side-effects, brain injury, miscarriage, impending menopause or stress. It can also be a part of many reproductive issues such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids or uterine polyps. Other causes for bleeding after menstruation include miscarriage, vaginal dryness, perimenopause and cervical cancer.
Diagnosis
In order for the physician to detect what is causing the bleeding, he will have to perform a series of tests. The first examination will most likely be a pelvic exam. In this exam he will feel for any enlargements or abnormalities on or in the reproductive organs. Next, he will take blood samples to check for any abnormalities in the hormone levels. Lastly, if necessary, an ultrasound may be ordered to check for any abnormal growths in the ovaries or uterus.
Home Care
Some periods of abnormal bleeding are short lived and pose no threat; many of these cases can be treated at home. During this time, a woman should abstain from using aspirin, as it can cause the bleeding to be prolonged. Women with this type of bleeding should also keep track of the amount of days they experience it and the amount. If the amount increases, she should contact a physician for further investigation and treatment. Treatment depends on the cause of the bleeding itself. In most cases, the bleeding can be corrected by the use of birth control pills or other medications. In more severe cases, surgery may be performed to remove any abnormal growths or adhesions.
Warnings
Women on blood thinners, having unexplained bleeding, bleeding after menopause, or who could be pregnant or experiencing pain, should contact their physician. If bleeding is heavy, painful or contains large clots, seek immediate care.
