Androgens, male hormones the best known of which is testosterone, have long been used in pharmacologic preparations. The Online Drug Information Center identifies propionate as form of testosterone ester, or salt, used clinically. Testosterone is administered in the form of ester because it is a more potent chemical form that allows for delayed absorption. Testosterone propionate is administered intramuscularly, and is considered one of the short-acting forms of anabolic steroids. Testosterone propionate has been approved for use by the US Food and Drug administration for use in women with advanced breast cancer, and for men needing hormone replacement.
Side Effects Seen in Women
As outlined by Drugs.com, testosterone propionate has long been used in women in cases of advanced breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body to counteract the action of female hormones on the tumor. It can be also used in cases of resistant breast pain after labor. Women undergoing treatment with testosterone propionate exhibit signs of masculinization, such as excess body hair growth, deepening of voice, cessation or irregularity of menstruation, male pattern baldness, and enlargement of the clitoris. In some cancer patients receiving large doses of injectable propionate, an increase in blood calcium occurs that is associated with nausea, vomiting and depression.
Side Effects Seen in Men
The Mayo Clinic describes a host of side effects potentially complicating the use of testosterone propionate. Androgens can cause enlargement of the prostate gland, which can affect the flow of urine causing difficult urination. The testes can also become smaller with prolonged use of high doses of testosterone propionate. In addition, men may experience enlargement of the breasts and excessive salt and water retention, causing swelling of feet or legs. Prolonged use can also interfere with fertility and sperm production.
Increased Risk of Liver Disease
According to the Mayo Clinic, prolonged use of high-dose androgens such as testosterone propionate is associated with increased risk of liver tumors, including liver cancer. This has to do with the liver's function in the processing the break down of androgens such as testosterone, so increased amounts will increase liver activity.
Pain at the Injection Site
The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library lists pain at the site of the injection as another potential side effect of testosterone propionate use. It is advised to give the injection deep into the muscle to reduce the risk of post-injection pain.
