The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum, and is about the size of a walnut, states the National Cancer Institute. Its main function is the production of seminal fluid. Patients who develop prostate cancer may benefit from the use of prostate radiation. Radiation may be used in conjunction with surgery and other types of treatment. External, or beam, radiation is administered from a machine outside the body, while internal radiation, or brachytherapy, is administered though the surgical implantation of radioactive wires, rods or seeds.
Urinary Incontinence
Severe incontinence occurs in fewer than 2 percent of men who undergo external radiation therapy, reports Prostate Cancer Treatment Guide. Some men may develop mild urinary incontinence, leakage, or burning or discomfort during urination. Urinary incontinence can sometimes be treated surgically or with certain medications. Men who experience burning during urination, accompanied by back pain, fever, blood in the urine or foul-smelling urine may have an infection and should seek medical attention.
Impotence and Sexual Dysfunction
Men who undergo prostate radiation may experience impotence and sexual dysfunction. According to the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, the majority of men with decent pre-radiation function notice some decline in their sexual health, with more than 50 percent having a permanent change. Some men may have difficulty maintaining or sustaining an erection, and may be unable to have sexual intercourse. Impotence and sexual dysfunction may be treated with medication.
Fatigue
Some patients who undergo radiation therapy experience fatigue. This side effect may lessen over time and disappear completely within a few months following treatment. Ensuring at least eight hours of sleep each night and taking a mid-day nap may help to alleviate daytime fatigue. A diet rich in antioxidants and protein may also help combat fatigue.
Bowel Problems
Radiation therapy may cause problems such as diarrhea, bowel urgency, burning with bowel movements, and a flare-up of hemorrhoids, particularly in those who had bowel problems prior to receiving radiation treatments, states the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance. Medications and dietary changes may help alleviate such symptoms.
