Bones are living tissues that continue to undergo growth and change throughout our lifetime. Calcium is one of the main structural components comprising our bones and teeth. This mineral is a not a permanent part of the skeletal system; it can leave the bones and teeth and travel to other parts of the body, or be lost in the urine. This process of losing calcium deposits can increase with age and is one of the contributors to osteoporosis. Calcium is required in order to maintain the strength and integrity of the skeletal system.
Calcium Homeostasis
Approximately 99 percent of the calcium in your body is stored in your teeth and bones. The remaining calcium is involved in cell signaling, the transfer of information between cells and muscle contraction. When calcium levels throughout the body become too low, cells called osteoclasts remove calcium from the bones and teeth and make it available for use elsewhere in the body. If calcium levels become too high, cells known as osteoblasts deposit excess calcium into the skeletal system. This intricate process of calcium regulation is vital for the maintenance of healthy bones.
Peak Bone Mass
Throughout childhood and into adulthood, bones are growing and gaining density. Peak bone mass typically occurs between the ages of 20 and 30. Once this level of bone mass has been reached, bones cannot become any more dense. Bone loss occurs at a gradual pace once peak bone mass is reached. In order to prevent the development of weak bones, children and young adults are encouraged to have high levels of calcium intake.
Osteoporosis Prevention
If calcium levels throughout the body are consistently low, calcium must be repeatedly removed from the skeletal system. This causes bone mass to decrease and can lead to osteoporosis. This condition is characterized by the development of porous, brittle bones that are prone to fractures. Osteoporosis is preceded by a condition known as osteopenia, the presence of low bone mass. Osteopenia and osteoporosis increase the risk of fractures occurring in the hips, spine and wrist. Poor calcium absorption, low calcium intake and low Vitamin D intake can all contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Adequate nutrition, including calcium and Vitamin D supplements, can help maintain bone integrity.
Rickets Prevention
Vitamin D deficiency or extremely low calcium intake in children can lead to the development of a condition known as rickets. This is characterized by a softening of the bones which can lead to bone fractures and deformations. In the absence of Vitamin D, calcium cannot be adequately absorbed and stored in the bones. Weak, soft bones can greatly hinder a child's growth and development.
References
- The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society: The Role of Dietary Calcium in Bone Health; A. Flynn; November 2003
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Calcium and Bone Health
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