Teeth have four layers: enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp. The enamel is the hard outer layer of the teeth. It protects the underlying dentin and pulp, while cementum covers the roots. The dentin is formed from a series of tubes. Without the protection of enamel, irritants can enter these tubules and reach the pulp. Sensitivity is a common issue, and there have been many advances toward easing the associated pain and discomfort.
Desensitizing Toothpaste
Desensitizing toothpastes work by blocking transmission of sensations through the tubules of the dentin layer so that they are unable to reach the nerve. In addition to regular brushing with a desensitizing toothpaste, Discovery Health recommends placing a small amount onto sensitive areas and leaving it overnight. Consistent overnight use should bring some relief within a few weeks.
Soft Toothbrush
Some sensitivity may be caused by vigorous brushing with a hard toothbrush. This can wear away the enamel, exposing the tubules that lead to the tooth's nerve. Harsh brushing can also cause the gums to recede, exposing the roots of the teeth. Although enamel cannot be restored once it is lost, using a soft-bristled toothbrush can prevent the damage from progressing. This will also help with sensitivity.
Fluoride
Fluoride is found in most toothpastes, but a special rinse or treatment may be used when teeth are sensitive. Fluoride rinses are available over-the-counter, or the dentist can prescribe a stronger rinse or varnish. The American Dental Association indicates that fluoride strengthens the tooth's protective enamel layer and reduces the transmission of sensations.
