The thyroid is an endocrine gland that is located in the neck and secretes hormones that are important for regulating metabolism or energy production in the body. Thyroid problems can occur at any age but are most common in adults and teenagers. The Cleveland Clinic also notes that thyroid problems are more common in women than men. Symptoms of problems are caused by an imbalance in the production and levels in the blood of the major thyroid hormones, T4 and T3. The most common thyroid gland problems are hypothyroidism, in which there is decreased levels of hormones produced, and hyperthyroidism, in which there is increased activity of the gland. All types of thyroid problems can cause mild to severe symptoms.
Symptoms in Children
Though thyroid problems are less common in children, they can cause serious symptoms that affect the mental and physical development of a child. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that these include mental retardation, abnormally slow growth and short stature, delayed teeth growth, hearing loss, muscle pain and cramping and obesity.
Emotional Effects
Thyroid hormones are essential in the body's control and balance of emotions and moods. Problems with the thyroid gland can cause mild to severe changes in emotions and mental stability such as diminished concentration, forgetfulness and fatigue. According to the MayoClinic.com, patients with hypothyroidism commonly have depression and mental sluggishness, while patients with hyperthyroidism experience increased irritability, anxiety, agitation and anger.
Muscle Loss
Thyroid problems that cause excess thyroid hormones to be secreted into the blood can cause an increased metabolic rate leading to increased hunger, sweating, calorie burning and diarrhea. This can result in rapid weight loss, muscle wastage, thinness and fine muscle tremors.
Skin Changes
The University of Maryland Medical Center lists several symptoms that affect the skin due to thyroid problems. Hypothryoidism can cause severely dry, thick and rough skin with abnormal connective tissue deposits below the skin. The nails are also affected and can appear brittle and discolored. Hyperthyroidism causes reddening of the skin, fine hair growth, heat intolerance and increased sweating.
