Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), one of the latest stars in the anti-aging arena, has shown promise in treating numerous conditions from hypertension to migraine headaches. But taking the supplement, at this point, remains a leap of faith because of the virtual nonexistence of large clinical trials to scientifically establish its effectiveness. Strong scientific evidence does back the supplement as replacement for CoQ10 depletion in the body.
A Panacea for Aging Cells?
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is required for the healthy functioning of cells, reportedly decreases with age and is low in people with certain chronic diseases. It has been touted as beneficial for Parkinson's disease, HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes, heart disease and muscular dystrophy. But its effectiveness in most cases has not been subject to large-scale trials so CoQ10 remains controversial.
CoQ10 is a fat soluble substance similar to a vitamin, found in every cell of the body and important in biochemical reactions that produce energy. CoQ10 also acts as an antioxidant to assist in the removal of substances in the blood that may trigger heart disease. It is naturally available in organ meats, beef, sardines, soybean oil and peanuts as well in oral supplements.
Not Endorsed by Heart Association
The American Heart Association notes that some studies of CoQ10 in small groups of patients with congestive heart failure have shown positive results from use of the supplement while other studies are inconclusive. Because CoQ10 was given along with traditional drug treatments, it is impossible to know which treatment was most effective, according to the AHA.
Because of a lack of evidence, the AHA says it cannot endorse regular use of CoQ10 until its safety and effectiveness are demonstrated in "well-designed clinical trials involving large numbers of patients over a long time."
Usupported by Scientific Evidence
The National Institutes of Health assessed diseases and conditions for which CoQ10 supplements are suggested as a treatment to determine where there is scientific evidence for its use. These included HIV/AIDS, kidney failure, lipid reduction, migraine, Parkinson's disease and muscular dystrophy.
The only strong scientific evidence available regarding CoQ10 is in increasing amounts of the substance in the body to replace depleted CoQ10, according to the NIH. Although low levels of CoQ10 are associated with many conditions, there is no proof that taking supplements to raise the level is therapeutic.
Possible Use for Hypertension
According to the NIH, there is "good scientific evidence" that CoQ10 causes "small decreases" in blood pressure. Although low blood levels of the enzyme have been detected in people with hypertension, "it is not clear is CoQ10 deficiency is a cause of high blood pressure," the NIH says.
The agency calls for more rigorous long-term studies to determine whether a stronger recommendation is warranted. In all the other known uses of CoQ10 for various diseases, the NIH designates them as backed by either "unclear scientific evidence" or with "fair scientific evidence against" its use.
Although dosing for CoQ10 has not been rigorously established, it has been used by adults in 50 to 1,200 mg. daily oral doses, according to the NIH.
Possible Side Effects of CoQ10
Potential side effects of CoQ10 supplements include nausea, vomiting, heartburn, upset stomach, loss of appetite, itching, headache, dizziness, insomnia, irritability, increased light sensitivity by the eyes and flu-type symptoms. These side effects are mild and transitory and may be relieved by discontinuing use of the supplement.
The NIH recommends that people check with their primary care provider before starting use of CoQ10 supplements.
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