Testosterone replacement therapy is generally prescribed for men with decreased testosterone production. According to the Cleveland Clinic, this problem can be cause by aging, as well as several different illnesses including cirrhosis, certain inflammatory diseases and AIDS. Three delivery systems--injections, a transdermal patch and a gel--are available for testosterone replacement therapy. All of these delivery systems provide supplemental testosterone to relieve symptoms of low testosterone including decreased libido and bone loss. Testosterone therapy is generally regarded as safe; however, some individuals may experience side effects.
Increased Acne and Oily Skin
According to Drugs, dermatological problems are the most commonly experienced side effects of testosterone treatments. These side effects, which include acne, excess hair growth, itching, burning and dermatitis, all most commonly occur in the areas of application. This is generally a result of topical application; however, injectable testosterone can also cause acne.
Fluid Retention
Testosterone treatment may affect the kidneys or cardiovascular system, causing the retention of water. This treatment may also increase blood pressure, which, when combined with water retention, may eventually lead to congestive heart failure. Early signs of water retention include swelling in the hands and feet. If you experience these symptoms, speak to your doctor. Congestive heart failure is a potentially life threatening condition.
Prostate Gland Stimulation
The prostate gland may respond to testosterone treatments by becoming enlarged and excessively stimulated. Some men develop priapism, or an erection that lasts more than four hours, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Elderly men receiving testosterone treatment may experience urinary obstruction as a result of an enlarged prostate. Signs of urinary obstruction include urinary urgency and an inability to urinate.
Breast Enlargement
Some men experience gynecomastia, or breast enlargement, when receiving testosterone treatment. This is a result, according to MedlinePlus, of the body's reaction to the fluctuation in hormonal levels. Breast enlargement is a frequent and occasionally persistent side effect, but it can be treated with additional medication, adjustment in medication levels or surgery.
Sleep Apnea
Testosterone treatment may cause sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing can become shallow or even stop for 10 to 20 seconds or longer, according to MedlinePlus. This causes significant disruption in the sleep cycle and can render the individual exhausted throughout the day. Sleep apnea is more likely to occur in individuals who are obese or have chronic respiratory disease, but otherwise healthy individuals can also experience this side effect.
Decreased Testicular Size
Testosterone treatment may lead to decreased production of sperm, as well as decreased size of the testicles. Adjusting the dosage of testosterone or supplementation of another hormone may help this condition.
Changes in Blood Cell Levels
Polycythemia may occur as a side effect of testosterone treatment. This condition is characterized by breathing problems, dizziness and headache, and is a result of elevated production of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. This causes the blood to thicken and impairs the movement of oxygen through the circulatory system.
