The scalp is the thin layer of tissue that covers the head and borders the face. Conditions that affect the scalp often cause patchy areas of skin that cause a large amount of irritation and itching. This itching leads to scratching, which may also result in visible flakiness and sores on the scalp.
Scalp Psoriasis
Scalp psoriasis is a disorder characterized by scaly areas of thick skin on the scalp that are mostly white with some silver areas, according to the National Psoriasis Foundation. The scales associated with psoriasis can cause itching and irritation of the scalp. Scalp psoriasis occurs as a result of rapid skin growth, but it is unclear what causes the increase in the growth of the skin. Although psoriasis cannot be cured, medicated shampoos and topical creams can be used to reduce the severity of any symptoms. Some people may benefit from medical procedures that remove layers of the skin and decrease the thickness of the patchy areas.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is another skin condition that causes patchy scales, redness, greasiness, itching, soreness and dandruff on the scalp. In adults, seborrheic dermatitis is often referred to as dandruff and in infants it is usually called cradle cap. Although the two conditions are similar, seborrheic dermatitis is different than scalp psoriasis. The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, but yeast overgrowth, stress, fatigue, change in temperature and certain neurological conditions are thought to contribute to the development of the condition, according to MayoClinic.com. Over-the-counter medicated shampoos and creams can be used to relieve the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis. If the irritation does not dissipate after a few weeks of over-the-counter shampoo use, prescription strength shampoos or steroid lotions may be needed.
Tinea Capitis
Tinea capitis, which is also commonly called ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection of the scalp caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. These fungi thrive in warm, moist areas, and an infection is most likely to occur in those who sweat excessively, have a scalp injury or have poor hygiene habits, according to MedlinePlus. Symptoms of tinea capitis include bald areas on the scalp due to hair breakage, itching, pus-filled sores on the scalp, inflamed red areas and small black dots. Oral antifungal medications are used to treat tinea capitis. MedlinePlus notes that medicated shampoos may also be used to help prevent the infection from spreading.
