The base of the foot allows people to walk, while the toes make sure that a proper balance is maintained. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, walking exerts a pressure on the feet that is equal to two to three times a person's body weight. This excess pressure, especially when combined with ill-fitting shoes, can wear the feet down over time and result in conditions that cause pain to the outside of the foot.
Bunions
A bunion is an abnormal bump that develops at the base of the big toe. The bump causes the big toe to increase in size, which disrupts the toe structure and causes the big toe to press against the other toes. The smaller toes exert opposite pressure and force the big toe outward, which can cause significant pain, swelling and redness around the big toe; an increase in skin thickness in the affected area; and a decrease in the range of motion of the big toe. Common causes of bunions include ill-fitting shoes, prior foot injuries, congenital deformities and arthritis, according to MayoClinic.com. In mild cases, bunions can be treated by wearing properly fitting shoes, taping the toes and over-the-counter pain relievers. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to correct the deformity.
Corns
A corn is a type of callous that forms as a result of friction that occurs when the feet frequently rub against the side of the shoe. The constant friction causes excess pressure and an increase in skin thickness. There are two types of corns--hard corns and soft corns. Hard corns are solid areas of irritated, thick skin and usually develop on the side of the smallest toe or the tops of the other toes. Soft corns are open sores that develop between the toes when they rub against each other, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Corns cause pain and skin tenderness, as well as dry, flaky skin. If the symptoms interfere with daily activity, a doctor can shave off the extra layers of skin with a scalpel.
Athlete's Foot
Athlete's foot, also called tinea pedis, is a fungal infection of the foot. The fungi that cause athlete's foot are usually acquired when bare feet come in contact with warm, moist places where organisms can thrive, such as the area surrounding public pools and public showers. When the fungi invade the feet, they multiply and spread between the toes, according to MedlinePlus. This causes cracked, peeling skin between the toes. The skin also becomes itchy and a painful burning develops. Treatment for athlete's foot consists of over-the-counter antifungal creams and lotions. MedlinePlus notes that if symptoms persist for more than two weeks with treatment, it may be necessary to obtain a prescription-strength cream. Athlete's foot is highly contagious so it is important to avoid direct contact with others until the infection has cleared up.
