Muscle spasms, also known as muscle cramps, can occur in any muscle but occur most often in the back of the lower calf and thigh, according to MedlinePlus. In general, a muscle spasm will end on its own, but individuals in the midst of an episode of cramping can try simple remedies to stop the cramping. People who have frequent muscle spasms should consult a doctor to determine whether an underlying disease is the cause.
Symptoms
When a muscle spasms, the muscle fibers contract suddenly and involuntarily, causing pain. The person having a muscle spasm might experience excruciating pain. The muscle becomes hard to the touch or starts bulging. Spasms might last for a few seconds or up to 15 minutes, according to Your Orthopaedic Connection.
Causes
Overuse or injury of the muscle is the most common cause of muscle spasms, explains MedlinePlus. If the nerve that connects to the muscle becomes damaged, this can incite spasms. Dehydration can lead to muscle spasms and deficiencies in calcium or potassium can also bring on a cramp. Some diseases and disorders such as metabolic problems and kidney failure also cause muscle spasms. Alcoholics and pregnant women might also experience muscle spasms.
Treatment
The basic treatment for a muscle spasm is to massage and stretch the muscle in pain. Applying heat might cause the spasm to stop. If necessary, a doctor can prescribe anti-spasm medication to individuals who frequently experience cramps. Injections of botulinum toxin might also be used to treat muscle spasms, especially spasms in the face, neck or eyelids, explains FamilyDoctor.org.
Complications
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, muscle spasms can be a sign of a serious disorder called tetany, which is the result of a lack of calcium. A calcium deficiency that leads to tetany can be the result of other conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, alkaline bodily fluids or hypothyroidism. People with tetany may also experience weakness, muscle twitching, fatigue, numbness or tingling of the muscle.
Prevention
Stretching and warming up before workouts helps prevent muscle spasms by loosening up the muscle. Drinking sufficient fluids, especially fluids containing potassium, can also make muscle cramps less likely. Another method to avoid muscle spasms is to not participate in excessive physical activity. People who do not get a lot of sunlight might want to take supplemental vitamin D to avoid a deficiency that could lead to tetany.
