Fibroid tumors are non cancerous growths in the uterus that often develop during a woman's childbearing years. Also called leimyomas, myomas or fibromyomas, uterine fibroid tumors almost never develop into cancer. While most fibroids are harmless, they can grow large and cause painful menstruation, urinary frequency and painful sexual intercourse. Although the exact cause of fibroids is unclear, there are several factors that may assist in their development.
Genetics
Genes can play an important role in the development of fibroid tumors. Women are more likely to develop fibroid tumors if an immediate family member has them, such as a mother or sister. According to MayoClinic.com, many fibroids contain gene alterations that are codes for uterine muscle cells from which fibroids develop. As a result, some women can inherit genes that may promote the growth of fibroid tumors.
Hormones
According to Uterine Fibroid Education, excessive amounts of estrogen and progesterone can cause fibroid tumors. These two female hormones stimulate the uterine lining to expand in preparation for pregnancy. Fibroids have a greater amount of progesterone and estrogen receptors than normal cells in the uterus. As a result, uterine cells with extra hormones tend to become fibroid tumors. After menopause, tumors disappear or lessen in size once the body stops making estrogen.
Abnormal Proteins
MedlinePlus notes that growth factors may be responsible for cell abnormalities that often contribute to excessive tissue growth such as fibroid tumors. Growth factors are special proteins that promote cell growth. These proteins stimulate uterine cell changes that encourage fibroid tumor growth. According to MayoClinic.com, insulin growth factors, proteins that maintain tissues and organs, can also contribute to fibroid tumors.
