A prostate biopsy occurs when a small amount of tissue is removed from the prostate gland and examined for abnormal cell changes. A transrectal biopsy is the most common type of prostate biopsy. During a transrectal prostate biopsy, a small ultrasound device is inserted into the rectum. The device releases sound waves that create an image of the prostate. Once an image is produced, a needle is inserted through the rectum wall and into the prostate gland. Complications are rare, but it is important to know the risks associated with the procedure.
Hematochezia
Men who have a transrectal prostate biopsy may experience hematochezia, or rectal bleeding, according to the University of California, San Francisco. Hematochezia occurs when blood mixed with stools and/or blood clots leak from the anus. During the biopsy, the rectum may be injured or damaged resulting in bright red bloody stools. The website Hematochezia.net states that symptoms may include abdominal pain, vomiting blood, diarrhea, fever and/or excessive gas. Treatment generally consists of immediate medical treatment to stop the bleeding. In rare cases, a blood transfusion may be needed to replenish any blood lost from severe and prolonged rectal bleeding.
Infection
A significant risk associated with a transrectal prostate biopsy is infection, according to the Harvard Health Publications. Infection can occur when the bacteria that live on the surface of the skin enter the incision site during the biopsy, and quickly multiply and spread to various parts of the body. Symptoms of an infection may include redness and warmth around the incision site, fever, swelling, drainage and/or severe pain. Treatment generally consists of antibiotics.
Urination Problems
Some men may experience a small amount of rust-colored blood in their urine or semen following the transrectal prostate biopsy, according to the MayoClinic.com. The bleeding usually subsides after a few weeks and may accompany rectal soreness and pain. In addition, swelling around the prostate gland can cause pain when urinating. Men who have a transrectal prostate biopsy may have a hard time urinating following the procedure due to an inflamed and irritated prostate gland. Treatment generally consists of antibiotics, but in severe cases, immediate medical care may be required to prevent blood clots, infections or other serious complications.
