The ankle is a major joint that aids in the ability to balance and walk. When an ankle swells, it can make walking difficult. Occasional swelling in the ankles may be caused by a lack of water intake or increased sodium in the diet. When ankle swelling persists or is accompanied by severe pain, it can indicate injury to structures in the joint or improper blood flow.
Achilles Tendinitis
The Achilles tendon is a band of tissue that connects the heel bone and the calf muscles. Achilles tendinitis occurs when the Achilles tendon becomes inflamed due to repeated or severe strain. Strain may be caused by sports, poor flexibility, flat feet or physical injury to the tendon, according to MayoClinic.com. The most common symptom of ankle swelling is pain above the heel and in the back of the leg. Other symptoms include swelling of the back of the ankle, tenderness, stiffness and weakness of the lower leg. Achilles tendinitis can usually be treated with a combination of rest, application of ice, compression of the affected area, elevation of the leg, pain medications and stretching. If these methods are ineffective, corticosteroids injections or surgery may be needed to reduce the inflammation and repair the tendon.
Sprained Ankle
A ligament is an elastic structure that holds bones together and allows for proper movement. Ligaments in the ankle hold the ankle bones together and keep the ankle joint from twisting or rolling, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. In order to perform their functions, ligaments are able to stretch and then they return to normal. A sprained ankle occurs when a ligament in the ankle stretches beyond its normal limits. Severe sprains actually cause the fibers in the ligament to tear. Sprained ankles are often caused by sports or strenuous physical activity, but can also occur by stepping down at an angle onto uneven surfaces. Symptoms of a sprained ankle include pain as well as swelling of the ankle. Most sprains can be treated with a combination of rest and immobilization of the ankle joint. Severe sprains may require the use of a cast or brace for two to three weeks. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons notes that surgery is rarely needed.
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Deep venous thrombosis is a condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein in the body. MedlinePlus notes that the condition most commonly affects the thigh or the lower leg. When a blood clot forms in a deep vein, it hinders proper blood flow and causes swelling and pain in the leg as well as the ankle and foot. Other symptoms include redness of the leg, increased temperature in the leg and warm skin. Common risk factors in the development of deep venous thrombosis include smoking, prolonged bed rest, heart failure, obesity, recent surgery and certain medications. Treatment for deep venous thrombosis consists of medications, called anticoagulants, to thin the blood. Compression stockings may also be used to promote proper blood flow, which reduces the risk for future blood clots.
