Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is a sexually transmitted disease that eventually causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Besides sexual activity, the virus is also transmitted by sharing needles or contact with the blood of infected individuals. There is no cure for HIV or AIDS, but a variety of medications and medical advances can help extend the life of a person with the disease. Many HIV symptoms are related to other diseases; the only way to confirm the disease is through a blood test.
Flu-like Symptoms
According to MayoClinic.com, people infected with HIV initially suffer from flu-like symptoms for 2 to 4 weeks after the initial virus transmission. Most patients confuse the symptoms with a regular bout of the flu or other similar virus. Lymph nodes in the neck and groin can appear swollen. A fever, headache or sore throat can also be present. Besides the initial flu-like symptoms, a person often remains symptom-free for years. People are highly contagious during this early period due to the high levels of HIV in the genital fluids and blood, reports the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Late HIV and AIDS Symptoms
As the virus attacks and weakens the immune system, additional signs begin to present; however, some people do not show additional signs for up to 10 years after the initial infection. These later signs can include weight loss and chronic diarrhea that lasts for more than one week. Night sweats become more common, and a person often suffers from chills and a fever for several weeks. There can be unexplainable episodes of severe fatigue, and lymph nodes in the neck, groin and armpits may continuously swell. Sores can occur around the anal area. Respiratory distress, including a cough and shortness of breath can be common.
Prevention
To prevent transmission of the virus condoms should be used during sexual intercourse. A new condom should be used each time a person has sexual intercourse with a new partner. Water-based lubricants are recommended; oil-based lubricants cause condoms to weaken and possibly break down. People who inject drugs should use a clean needle each time they inject. MayoClinic.com advises those who inject drugs to participate in a needle exchange program and attempt counseling for drug use.
