One determination of a tumor in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is whether it is malignant (cancer), and another is whether the tumor originated in the brain (primary) or invaded the brain from another site (secondary). Thus, a malignant tumor that begins in the brain stem is considered a primary brain tumor. A sample of vital stem functions include arousal and consciousness; breathing, blood pressure and regulating heartbeat. This area also is involved in swallowing, coordination and speech. The symptoms of such a tumor can be noticed easily.
General Symptoms
The American Cancer Society estimates that 12,010 men and 10,060 women in the United States were to have been diagnosed with malignant tumors of the central nervous system in 2009. Those potential 22,070 people will experience both general symptoms of a brain tumor as well as symptoms based on the specific site of the cancer within the brain or spinal cord. The general signs and symptoms present as a consequence from pressure within the confines of the skull. Perhaps the most common sign is severe headaches, and the ACS states that this sign occurs in 50 percent of brain cancer cases. Other common symptoms that may be present are nausea and vomiting, seizures, problems with coordination, possible changes in general personality or cognitive abilities.
Muscular Signs
Brain stem tumors can produce muscular weakness or stiffness and numbness in the extremities. Additionally, there may be sudden onset of certain symptoms, including suddenly losing balance while walking, for example.
Facial Signs
A side of the face may droop and a patient may have difficulty swallowing or speaking, including slurred speech, for example. A problem with vision is frequent; seeing double is a discriminating sign of a tumor in the brain stem. Sudden vomiting is common. Not being able to close the eyelids also may indicate the presence of a tumor.
