Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL, is known as the "bad" form of cholesterol because it contributes to heart disease by building up plaque in the artery walls. Over time, this plaque can restrict blood flow in the arteries, with potentially deadly consequences.
Appropriate Levels
Your physician can check your cholesterol levels with a blood test known as a lipid panel. This measures the amount of total cholesterol in the blood as well as the LDL cholesterol specifically. Very high LDL cholesterol is above 190 mg/dL -- if your cholesterol levels reach this high, you will experience symptoms. Borderline high LDL cholesterol is 130 to 159 mg/dL.
Early Symptoms
Before severe cholesterol-related symptoms occur, other symptoms may serve as a warning. Pain when walking or running can indicate that cholesterol has built up in the blood vessels and that blood is having a difficult time circulating. Your legs may swell throughout or in certain areas. Chest pain and shortness of breath are other symptoms of atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Because the arteries may not be getting enough blood, chest pain can result.
Severe Symptoms
In severe cases of high cholesterol, a narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup can lead to a heart attack. This occurs when the blood flow to the heart becomes restricted. If enough arteries are blocked or appropriate interventions do not take place, death can occur. Plaque that develops from high LDL cholesterol also can break off and travel to the lungs, resulting in a pulmonary embolism, or to the brain, resulting in a stroke. Either can be fatal.
Considerations
In some situations, high cholesterol can accompany a number of other symptoms that contribute to heart disease, diabetes or other chronic conditions. For this reason, it's important to check your cholesterol levels frequently, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. By the time high cholesterol symptoms begin, your LDL cholesterol may have severely affected your arteries. It's recommended that everyone obtain a baseline cholesterol measurement at age 20 and have cholesterol checked at least once every five years.
Prevention/Solution
Your LDL cholesterol levels are a direct result of your lifestyle: the foods you eat, your activity level and the harmful substances you put into your body, according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Eating a balanced diet low in saturated fat and rich in fruits and vegetables can prevent high LDL symptoms. Refraining from smoking or consuming alcohol excessively can reduce hardening of the arteries. Engaging in regular exercise helps you maintain your weight and keeps your arteries flexible.
