Whether knee pain is caused by injury or a condition like arthritis, using a cold or hot compress can help relieve the discomfort. Choosing the right compress depends on the cause of the knee pain and the kind of relief desired. Knee pain can be a sign of underlying bone or joint issues, so those with frequent knee pain should be evaluated by a physician. This evaluation will determine whether there is serious knee damage that requires medical treatment, such as therapy or surgery.
Methods
Using a hot compress applies heat directly to the knee. This can be done with a heating pad, but a towel dampened with warm water also can be effective, according to New York-Presbyterian Hospital. Cold compresses use cold temperature to relieve pain. This type of compress can be applied using a sealed bag of ice wrapped in a towel and placed on the knee or by using specifically designed ice packs or cold packs. With any compress, it's important to use a towel or other soft barrier to protect the skin from extreme temperatures.
Function
Cold packs help treat knee pain by numbing the area, stopping bleeding and reducing inflammation, according to New York-Presbyterian Hospital. Hot compresses stimulate circulation, causing inflammation-producing substances to move away from the affected area and relaxing the muscles to reduce spasms.
Indications
Because cold packs numb pain, they are most helpful for knee pain caused by injury or inflammation triggered by an arthritis-type flareup. Hot compresses, on the other hand, are best for knee pain caused by overworked muscles or stress, since they help muscles to relax.
Time Frame
Whether treating knee pain with a hot compress or a cold one, the University of Washington School of Medicine's Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine recommends using the compress for no longer than 15 to 20 minutes at a time. Check the skin every time a compress is used to make sure there are no hives or purple-red discoloration, which are indications that you should reduce the amount of time the compress is used. Always let the treated knee return to normal temperature before applying another hot or cold compress.
Expert Insight
If knee pain is severe, alternating hot and cold compresses might provide relief. Use a hot compress for five to seven minutes, switch to a cold compress for the same amount of time, and repeat the process two to three times, or alternate a cold compress with a warm-water soak, recommends the University of Washington School of Medicine's Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine.
