Itching, medically referred to as pruritis, is an irritating skin sensation that provokes a strong desire to scratch. Itching skin may be caused by direct contact with an irritating substance, or may develop as a result of a generalized immune system reaction. Regardless of the cause of itching skin, it is generally recommended to avoid scratching the area.
Allergic Reaction
An allergic reaction is an immune system response that occurs as a result of increased sensitivity to an irritating substance called an allergen. An allergic reaction may occur when allergens come into contact with the skin, nose, respiratory tract or digestive tract, according to MedlinePlus. Some of the most common allergens include animal hair, insect stings, nuts, shellfish, certain medications and pollen. Depending on an individual's sensitivity to a specific allergen, allergic reactions can range from mild to a life-threatening reaction called anaphylaxis. Itching skin and hives are common symptoms of a mild allergic reaction. Other symptoms include visible rashes, watery eyes and nasal congestion. Mild reactions can usually be treated with over-the-counter antihistamines.
Contact Dermatitis
Contact dermatitis is a skin rash that occurs as a result of direct contact with an allergen. Common causes include poison ivy and soaps or hygiene products that contain harsh chemicals. The rash associated with contact dermatitis is characterized by inflammation and red, itchy skin with small bumps. Some contact dermatitis sufferers may also develop blisters that eventually burst and ooze, according to MayoClinic.com. Although contact dermatitis can cause severe itching, it does not usually lead to any further health problems. Treatment consists of medicated creams and lotions to reduce symptoms until the rash goes away. If the inflammation is severe, oral anti-inflammatory medications may be needed to reduce swelling.
Impetigo
Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection characterized by itchy blisters and sores on various areas of the body, especially the face, neck and hands. The most common bacteria that cause impetigo are Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococcus, according to KidsHealth. Impetigo is a contagious infection that is often spread due to persistent scratching. If impetigo affects only a localized area of the body, it can usually be treated with an antibiotic cream or ointment applied directly to the area. If the infection is widespread, oral antibiotics may be necessary.
