Surgical removal of a woman's uterus is called a hysterectomy. The most common type of hysterectomy is a complete or total hysterectomy, which removes the uterus and the entire cervix, which includes the ovaries and fallopian tubes. A partial hysterectomy involves removing just the upper part of the uterus. A third type of procedure is called a radical hysterectomy and requires removal of part of the vagina in addition to the uterus and cervix. Recovery and aftereffects of a hysterectomy depend on the level of the procedure and other conditions the woman may be experiencing.
Recovery
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), most women remain in the hospital for at least two days following a hysterectomy. Many stay hospitalized for up to four days. A hysterectomy that required incisions in the abdomen takes longer to heal. Normal activity resumes gradually through the healing process. Following an abdominal hysterectomy, women may take anywhere from four to eight weeks before they are back to normal. Women who have had vaginal procedures or removal of the organs through a laparoscopic procedure heal much faster. Most women return to normal activities within a week or two.
Risks
Like any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with having a hysterectomy. In addition to complications from anesthesia, DHHS researchers report that other aftereffects may include heavy blood loss, requiring a blood transfusion and bowel or bladder injuries. During a vaginal procedure, the surgeon may have to switch to an abdominal incision if she runs into difficulties. In addition, women may be at risk for blood clots and infection.
Menopause
If a woman has her ovaries removed during a hysterectomy, she most likely will undergo menopause and the cessation of her menstrual cycle. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, women will experience all the side effects of the hormonal changes that accompany menopause, including hot flashes, mood swings, night sweats and vaginal dryness. Women become more susceptible to reduced bone density that leads to osteoporosis. The menopausal symptoms may occur suddenly and end quickly, or continue over a period of years.
Sexual Desires
Some women have sexual dysfunctions following a hysterectomy that may include decreased pleasure and a lowered desire for sex. Uterine contractions are no longer possible when the uterus has been removed, which leads to reduced sensations during orgasm. Conversely, other women enjoy sex more because they no longer face the possibility of pregnancy and don't need to use contraceptives.
