Prostate biopsy is a diagnostic procedure used to test abnormal growths and tumors in the prostate of male patients, states the National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse. The prostate, a walnut-sized gland that produces the sperm-filled fluid called semen, is potentially at risk for certain problems such as infection, inflammation, enlargement and malignancies.
Erectile Dysfunction
According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, a website supported by the National Institute of Health, erectile dysfunction is one of the possible complications of a prostate biopsy. Erectile dysfunction is the difficulty of initiating and maintaining a penile erection. Manipulation of the prostate can potentially injure and damage the gland and its surrounding nerves, leading to this condition.
Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence is one of the possible risks of prostate biopsy, notes the American Urological Association Foundation. A prostate biopsy is an invasive procedure that uses an ultrasonic probe which is inserted in the rectum; accidental puncture or injury may occur at the adjacent structures of the prostate gland, such as the urethra and ureters, which leads to urinary leaks or incontinence.
Bleeding
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse states that bleeding is a potential risk of a prostate biopsy. The prostate gland is a highly vascularized organ -- meaning that it contains many small blood vessels -- and during the biopsy a small portion is collected from it. The collection itself may cause mild to moderate bleeding which can be surgically repaired. If bleeding persists and becomes severe, blood transfusion may be indicated.
Infection
Although rare, infection is one of the possible complications of prostate biopsy, notes the Urological Association Foundation. The invasive nature of a prostate biopsy makes the patient at risk for local or systemic infections. Opportunistic microorganisms can invade the body, particularly if the immune system is compromised. Antibiotics are usually given to treat these infections.
Injury to the Bladder
According to the Urological Association Foundation, damage to the nearby structures of the prostate gland, such as the rectum and bladder, can occur during a prostate biopsy. Any form of injury is managed immediately to prevent any undesirable complications.
