Triglycerides are the chemical form of fat as it exists in food as well as in the body. They are also found in blood plasma and partner with cholesterol to form the plasma lipids. Any calories ingested that are not burned for energy right away will be transformed into triglycerides and be stored in fat cells until activated by hormones to provide energy to the body between meals. High triglyceride levels have been linked to heart disease. A level of 150 mg/dl or below is considered normal; any value above that is cause for concern, according to the American Heart Association. High triglyceride levels may either be caused by a medical condition such as diabetes, or dietary factors such as obesity and high fat intake. Most cases of high triglycerides can be treated with lifestyle changes.
Healthy Eating
Eating a diet low in saturated fats, trans fats and cholesterol will help lower the level of triglycerides in the body. According to Children's Hospital Boston, a healthy amount of saturated fat for a child to consume per day is between 12g and 15g. Limiting consumption of red meats, whole milk products and oils like coconut and palm oil will help to maintain that healthy intake. Good fats, however, are found in fish, nuts, avocado and olive oil. These foods contain unsaturated fats that are healthy to eat. Increasing the amount of dietary fiber found in vegetables, beans and whole grains to 25g to 30g per day assists the body in processing waste and is a contributor to being satiated. Lowering caloric intake overall is helpful in reducing the amount of triglycerides in the body. Often, obesity is a contributing factor to high triglycerides, and weight loss will aid in lowering the levels.
Exercise
Regular exercise works hand in hand with a healthy diet to maintain a healthy weight. According to Children's Hospital Boston, regular exercise helps burn fat, lowers LDL cholesterol, lowers triglycerides and reduces the risk of heart disease. Vigorous exercise for a period of 30 to 60 minutes, five times per week is recommended. Examples of this type of activity are team sports, dance, gymnastics and bike riding.
Medication
Certain children are unable to lower their triglyceride levels with diet and exercise alone. These children most often have high levels caused by genetic factors. Medications such as cholestyramine, statins or ezetimibe may be prescribed by a physician in this instance.
