If you are at risk of developing blood clots, Coumadin can save your life. Blood clots are made from certain blood proteins manufactured by the liver using Vitamin K. Coumadin interferes with the liver's ability to make these clotting proteins. When used correctly, Coumadin is extremely effective at reducing blood clot formation. However, care should be used when taking Coumadin. In addition to interacting with prescription and over-the-counter medications, food items, herbs and supplements, Coumadin can also have other severe side effects.
Precautions to Minimize Risk
Several precautions may be taken to reduce risk of side effects. Always tell your health care provider about any supplements, medications or herbs you are taking. Additionally, advise your health care provider that you are taking Coumadin prior to dental work and routine cleaning, immunizations and surgeries. Take extra care when using sharp objects to prevent accidentally cutting yourself and avoid contact sports to prevent injury. Wear a medical identification bracelet or carry a medical identification card indicating that you are taking Coumadin. Remind your health care provider of your Coumadin usage if any changes are made to your medication regime.
Major Side Effects
The major side effect of Coumadin is increased bleeding, and an individual over the age of 75 has an even more increased risk of heavy bleeding while on Coumadin. Other side effects include: hives, rashes, itchy skin, bleeding from the rectum or black bowel movements. Bruising without injury requires medical attention to determine if dosing adjustments are needed. Side effects requiring immediate medical care include: numbness or tingling anywhere in the body, chest pain, shortness of breath,or flu-like symptoms. Consult with your health care provider if any of these side effects occur.
Less Serious Side Effects
These side effects need to be discussed with your health care provider: sensation of being cold; flatulence; fatigue and pallor; increased hair loss; and a change in how food tastes.
Interactions with Other Drugs
Both prescription and over-the-counter medications interact with Coumadin. Any product containing aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen or heparin needs to be avoided by anyone taking Coumadin. Antibiotics, hormones used for birth control, and allergy and cold medications may also result in side effects if used with Coumadin.
Supplements and Coumadin
Coumadin side effects may occur when combined with the following supplements: fish and evening primrose oils; omega-3 fatty acids; vitamin K, CoQ10; bromelain and glucosamine.
Herbs and Coumadin
Coumadin side effects may occur with the following herbs: alfalfa; dan shen; dong quai; garlic; ginkgo; ginseng; St. John's wort; willow bark and wintergreen.
Food and Coumadin
Certain foods interfere with the effectiveness of Coumadin; cranberries if used daily, and daily use of alcohol increase risk of excessive bleeding; vegetables decrease Coumadin's effectiveness. Doubling up on Coumadin because of missed doses must be avoided as it increases the risk of increased bleeding.
