According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, about 50 million children in the United States have allergies. Allergies can be a concern for both parents and children, and they can be deadly in some cases. It is important for parents to be aware of common childhood allergens, symptoms and how to respond if their child has an allergic reaction.
Allergy Symptoms
An allergy is when the body reacts to a substance or food that is usually not harmful. This reaction can take the form in different ways. Some children have skin reactions that might include rashes, hives or itching. Others may have gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea or diarrhea. Respiratory reactions may include nasal congestion, wheezing or coughing.
Types of Allergens
Children may be allergic to certain types of food. Many different foods can cause an allergy. Some common food allergens include peanuts, soy, milk or eggs. Some children suffer from hay fever or seasonal allergies. This is caused by pollen in the air. Other allergens include mold, insect bites, chemicals or smoke. When some children are exposed to certain substances that their skin comes in contact with, they may get a contact dermatitis. Some common offenders include detergents, poison ivy, certain metals and other chemicals.
Anaphylactic Reactions
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that needs immediate medical attention. For some allergies, a pediatrician may order an epinephrine pen that provides a dose of epinephrine to respond to an anaphylactic reaction. Combinations of symptoms may occur when a child is having an anaphylactic reaction. They include wheezing, trouble breathing, throat tightness, hives, swelling, a weakened pulse, passing out, dizziness or vomiting. Food allergens or insect bites are common causes of anaphylactic reactions in children.
Asthma and Allergies
Many children with asthma, a lung condition that causes constriction of the bronchioles and wheezing, have allergies as well. Some of these allergies can precipitate or contribute to an asthma attack. It is important for parents and children to work with their pediatrician on a plan to avoid the allergens and how to respond to an asthma attack.
Living with Allergies
Avoiding allergens is important and can be the most difficult thing for parents to deal with. If a child has food allergies, ingredients should be read prior to giving food to the child. Parents should be aware of common ingredient names for the particular allergen. If the child has contact dermatitis, they should avoid contact with the allergen as much as possible. If the child has a pollen or mold allergy, measures should be taken to avoid exposure and eliminate the allergens from the home as much as possible. It is also important for parents to have an emergency plan in place and work with school officials and other caretakers for their child on allergen avoidance.
