Lactose intolerance occurs from a decreased production of lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose. The sugar in milk is called lactose, which is found in most types of milk produced by mammals--cows, goats and even human breast milk. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include abdominal distention and bloating, excess gas and diarrhea.
Identification
Pediatrician Dr. Alan Greene states that lactose intolerance is rare among full-term infants. Premature babies, however, may have lactose intolerance, as their digestive systems are immature. This usually resolves with growth and development. Some infants may develop lactose intolerance with diarrhea, as lactase may be expelled from the body. Once the body produces more of the enzyme, the lactose intolerance resolves.
Breastfeeding
Although lactose is found in human breast milk, breastfeeding is not always contraindicated for infants who have lactose intolerance. Human milk contains immune properties that are important for a baby's health, and it provides some lactase to help a baby's digestion of lactose. The Children, Youth and Women's Health Service recommends continuing to breastfeed if possible, spending greater amounts of time nursing one breast before beginning the next. This allows a baby to get more of the hind milk, which contains most of the fat. Hind milk is digested slowly, which breaks down more lactose.
Lactose-Free Formula
Most formulas on the market today are based on cow's milk and so contain lactose. Lactose-free formulas contain the same type of protein and fat as standard formulas, but the lactose is replaced with corn syrup or table sugar. Prolonged use of lactose free formula reduces some babies' calcium levels, as lactose is important for calcium absorption. Lactose free formulas are recommended for temporary use, following infant diarrhea until the body produces lactase again.
Soy Formula
Soy-based formulas are created with soybean protein instead of milk. These types of formulas are lactose-free and may be used among infants who have lactose intolerance. Soy formulas are also recommended for parents who want to avoid milk products for their baby because of milk protein allergies or vegetarianism. Soy-based formula uses corn syrup in place of lactose for sugar. These formulas may inhibit the natural bacteria found in the intestines necessary for digestion.
Significance
Lactose intolerance does not necessarily mean the avoidance of all dairy. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the degree of intolerance varies from person to person. Some babies are able to consume dairy products without issues. Lactose-free milk is available in supermarkets and lactose-free whole milk may be given to children under the age of 2. Drinking lactose-free milk is important for babies with lactose issues. Don't avoid all dairy because milk contains calcium that is important for bone development.
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